Sunday, December 31, 2017

Honda Vezel

Honda Vezel Prices in Pakistan, Pictures and Reviews | PakWheels
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The Honda Vezel is a subcompact crossover SUV manufactured by Honda. The vehicle was first introduced to the Japanese market in late 2013, and made its North American debut at the New York Auto Show in April 2014 with the revived name Honda HR-V. The HR-V nameplate has been carried over to other markets, including Sri Lanka, Australia and Canada. In Singapore the official Honda distributor sells the HR-V, while the parallel imported version retains the name Vezel.


Video Honda Vezel



Origin and debut

Honda "Urban SUV Concept" (2013)

The Urban SUV Concept is based on Honda's Global Compact Series, which includes the Honda Fit subcompact and the Honda City subcompact sedan. This vehicle was unveiled in 2013 North American International Auto Show as the reintroduced Honda HR-V.

Honda Vezel (2013-Present)

The design of Honda Vezel is based on Honda "Urban SUV Concept". "Vezel" is coined from "bezel", the oblique faces of a cut gem, with the "V" for "vehicle."

The vehicle was unveiled in 2013 Tokyo Motor Show. Japan models went on sale on 20 December 2013. The Vezel is available with two powertrains, as a conventional gasoline-powered and as hybrid electric vehicle. In Japan, it is regarded as a luxury vehicle as the width dimension exceeds Japanese Government dimension regulations, and Japanese buyers are liable for yearly taxes as a result. The Japanese road tax obligation is held to a more affordable tax bracket due to the engine displacement being held under the 2.0 L threshold.

The conventional Vezel is equipped with a 1.5-liter direct-injection DOHC i-VTEC inline-four engine coupled to a continuously variable transmission (CVT), and it is available in front-wheel and all-wheel drive versions.

The Vezel hybrid version is equipped with Honda's next-generation sport hybrid i-DCD system that combines a 97 kW (130 hp), 156 N?m (115 lb?ft) 1.5-liter direct injection engine with a 22 kW (30 hp), 160 N?m (118 lb?ft) motor, Honda's Real Time AWD, Reactive Force Pedal. The hybrid version fuel economy is 27.0 km/l (76.3 mpg-imp; 63.5 mpg-US) (3.7 L/100 km) in the Japanese JC08 cycle, while the gasoline version has a fuel economy of 20.6 km/l (58.2 mpg-imp; 48.5 mpg-US) (4.9 L/100 km) in the JC08 cycle.

European launch is expected in 2015 and will be sold under the Honda HR-V name.

Tokyo Auto Salon 2014 concepts (2014-)

The Vezel Modulo Concept includes red leather upholstery at seats, centre console, dashboard. There was also a Mugen Vezel Concept, fitted with various Mugen accessories.

The vehicles were unveiled in Tokyo Auto Salon 2014.

Engines

Transmissions

Recall

Vezel Hybrid produced in Japan from July 2013 through February 2014 were recalled due to a problem with the software program controlling the 7-speed dual clutch transmission (DCT) which could cause a delay in the ability to begin driving or the inability to move at all.

Honda recalled 160,000 Fit subcompact and Vezel sport-utility vehicles, manufactured from August 2013 through February 2016, in Japan, because of defective power steering and a part that controls the electric current in the vehicles. The recall does not affect any Honda models sold abroad.


Maps Honda Vezel



See also

  • Honda Fit

Honda Vezel vs Toyota CH-R - Comparing two of the Japanese ...
src: static.pakwheels.com


References


honda vezel
src: hiswheel.com


External links

  • Honda pages: Japan

Source of article : Wikipedia

2015-16 Long Beach State 49ers men's basketball team

NCAA Men's Basketball: Long Beach State vs. North Carolina - YouTube
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The 2015-16 Long Beach State 49ers men's basketball team represented California State University, Long Beach during the 2015-16 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The 49ers were led by ninth year head coach Dan Monson and played their home games at Walter Pyramid. They were members of the Big West Conference. They finished the season 20-15, 12-4 in Big West play to finish in third place. They defeated UC Riverside and UC Irvine to advance to the championship game of the Big West Tournament where they lost to Hawaii. They were invited to the National Invitation Tournament where they lost in the first round to Washington.


Video 2015-16 Long Beach State 49ers men's basketball team



Previous season

The 49ers finished the 2014-15 season with a record of 16-17, 10-6 in conference and finishing in fourth place. They lost in the first round of the Big West Tournament to Hawaii.


Maps 2015-16 Long Beach State 49ers men's basketball team



Roster


Michigan State Basketball Gameday: Spartans face Long Beach State ...
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Schedule


Walter Pyramid - Wikipedia
src: upload.wikimedia.org


References

Source of article : Wikipedia

Ford Escort (North America)

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Honda R engine

What Can You Tell About The 2017 Honda Civic Type-R Engine By ...
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The Honda R engine is an inline-four engine launched in 2006 for the Honda Civic (Non-Si). It is fuel injected, has an aluminum-alloy cylinder block and cylinder head, is a SOHC 16-valve design (four valves per cylinder) and utilizes Honda's i-VTEC system. The R series engine has a compression ratio of 10.5:1, features a "drive by wire" throttle system which is computer controlled to reduce pumping losses and create a smooth torque curve.

The engine uses many advanced technologies to improve fuel economy and reduce friction. Piston rings are given an ion plating and weight is reduced with plastic and aluminum parts and variable length intake manifolds that maintain ram air at a wide RPM range. The engine also features piston cooling jets, previously available only on high performance engines, and in the ninth generation 1.8L Civic (2012 and newer) the pistons are treated with molybdenum disulfide applied in a polka-dot pattern. The automatic transmission model is rated at California Air Resources Board (CARB) ULEV-2 (Ultra Low Emissions Vehicle) with fuel economy 25 mpg-US (9.4 L/100 km; 30 mpg-imp) city, and 36 mpg-US (6.5 L/100 km; 43 mpg-imp) highway. It also uses the same computer (engine control unit) controlled distributorless coil-on-plug ignition as the Honda K-series engines.


Video Honda R engine



R16

R16A

  • Found in:
      • 2006 Honda Civic FA1, FD (Singapore, Egypt, Turkey Market)
      • Displacement: 1,595 cc (97.3 cu in)
      • SOHC IVTEC (Belt driven cam)
      • Compression: 10.5:1
      • Bore & stroke: 81.0 mm × 77.4 mm (3.19 in × 3.05 in)
      • Power: 125 PS (92 kW; 123 bhp) @ 6,500 rpm
      • Torque: 15.4 kgf·m (151 N?m (111 ft?lbf)) @ 4,300 rpm
      • 5 Speed
      • Redline: 6800 rpm

R16B

  • Found in:
      • 2016 Honda Civic-X (Singapore, Egypt, Turkey, Cyprus, South Africa and Ukraine - FC series)
      • Displacement: 1,597 cc (97.5 cu in)
      • SOHC IVTEC (Chain driven cam)
      • Compression: 10.7:1
      • Bore & stroke: 81.0 mm × 77.5 mm (3.19 in × 3.05 in)
      • Power: 125 PS (92 kW; 123 bhp) @ 6,500 rpm
      • Torque: 15.6 kgf·m (152 N?m (112 ft?lbf)) @ 4,300 rpm
      • 7 Speed CVT Transmission
      • Redline: 6700 rpm

Maps Honda R engine



R18

R18A1

  • Found in:
    • 2006-2016 Honda Civic (Thailand/Indonesia/Japanese/Pakistani-market FD1, American/Canadian-market FA1 and FG1)
      2007-2009 Honda FR-V(European-market BE1)
      2008-2015 Honda City
      • Displacement: 1,799 cc (109.8 cu in)
      • Compression: 10.5:1
      • Bore & stroke: 81.0 mm × 87.3 mm (3.19 in × 3.44 in)
      • Power: 141 PS (104 kW; 139 bhp) @ 6300 rpm (Japanese Spec)
      • Torque: 17.7 kgf·m (174 N?m (128 ft?lbf)) @ 4,300 rpm
      • Fuel Cut Off: 6900 rpm
      • Redline: 6800rpm

R18A2

  • Found in:
    • 2006-2011 Honda Civic (European-market FN1 & FK2)
      • Displacement: 1,799 cc (109.8 cu in)
      • Compression: 10.5:1
      • Bore & stroke: 81.0 mm × 87.3 mm (3.19 in × 3.44 in)
      • Power: 140 PS (103 kW; 138 bhp) @ 6,300 rpm
      • Torque: 17.7 kgf·m (174 N?m (128 ft?lbf)) @ 4,300 rpm
      • cruising/economy happens during VTEC under cruising load only.
      • Redline: 6800 rpm
      • Ruptor : 7150 rpm

R18Z1

  • Found in:
    • 2012-2016 Honda Civic (Southeast Asian FB2)
    • 2016- Honda Civic (FC1)
      • Displacement: 1,799 cc (109.8 cu in)
      • Compression: 10.6:1
      • Bore & stroke: 81.0 mm × 87.3 mm (3.19 in × 3.44 in)
      • Power: 141 PS (104 kW; 139 bhp) @ 6,500 rpm
      • Torque: 17.7 kgf·m (174 N?m (128 ft?lbf)) @ 4,300 rpm

R18Z4

  • Found in:
    • 2012-2016 - Honda Civic (European-market FK2)
      • Displacement: 1,799 cc (109.8 cu in)
      • Compression: 10.5:1
      • Bore & stroke: 81.0 mm × 87.3 mm (3.19 in × 3.44 in)
      • Power: 141 PS (104 kW; 139 bhp) @ 6,500 rpm
      • Torque: 17.7 kgf·m (174 N?m (128 ft?lbf)) @ 4,300 rpm
      • Redline: 6800 rpm
      • Ruptor : 7150 rpm
      • cruising/economy happens during VTEC under cruising load only.
      • Balancer Shaft on this R18.

R18Z9

  • Found in:
    • 2016- Honda HR-V
      • Displacement: 1,799 cc (109.8 cu in)
      • Compression: 10.6:1
      • Bore & stroke: 81.0 mm × 87.3 mm (3.19 in × 3.44 in)
      • Power: 141 PS (104 kW; 139 bhp) @ 6,500 rpm
      • Torque: 17.7 kgf·m (174 N?m (128 ft?lbf)) @ 4,300 rpm


R20A1

  • Found in:
    • 2007- Honda CR-V (RE1, RE2)
      2008- Honda Stream (RSZ)
      2013- Acura ILX (DE1)
      • Displacement: 1,997 cc (121.9 cu in)
      • Compression: 10.5:1
      • Bore & stroke: 81.0 mm × 96.9 mm (3.19 in × 3.81 in)
      • Power: 150 PS (110 kW; 148 bhp) @ 6,200 rpm
      • Torque: 19.4 kgf·m (190 N?m (140 ft?lbf)) @ 4,197 rpm

R20A2

  • Found in:
    • 2007- Honda CR-V (RE5)
      • Displacement: 1,997 cc (121.9 cu in)
      • Compression: 10.5:1
      • Bore & stroke: 81.0 mm × 96.9 mm (3.19 in × 3.81 in)
      • Power: 150 PS (110 kW; 148 bhp) @ 6,200 rpm
      • Torque: 19.4 kgf·m (190 N?m (140 ft?lbf)) @ 4,200 rpm

R20A3

  • Found in:
    • 2008- Honda Accord (CP1 and EU market CU1/CN1)
    • 2016 Proton Perdana
      • Displacement: 1,997 cc (121.9 cu in)
      • Compression: 10.5:1
      • Bore & stroke: 81.0 mm × 96.9 mm (3.19 in × 3.81 in)
      • Power: 156 PS (115 kW; 154 bhp) @ 6,300 rpm
      • Torque: 19.3 kgf·m (192 N?m (142 ft?lbf)) @ 4,300 rpm
      • Top speed: 215km/h

R20Z1

  • Found in:
    • 2012-2016 Honda Civic (FB2)
    • 2013- Honda Accord (CR1)
      • Displacement: 1,997 cc (121.9 cu in)
      • Compression: 10.6:1
      • Bore & stroke: 81.0 mm × 96.9 mm (3.19 in × 3.81 in)
      • Power: 155 PS (114 kW; 153 bhp) @ 6,500 rpm
      • Torque: 19.4 kgf·m (190 N?m (140 ft?lbf)) @ 4,300 rpm

Motor Verso: The 2016 Honda Civic Type R is Finally Here & It's ...
src: www.motorverso.com


See also

  • Honda Engines

2017 Honda Civic Type R Review: First Drive | News | Cars.com
src: www.cstatic-images.com


References


2019 Honda Civic Type R Rumors, News, Specs, Engine, Release, Price
src: hondanewcar.com


External links

  • Honda Worldwide, Honda Develops New 1.8l i-VTEC Engine
  • Honda Worldwide, New 1.8l i-VTEC Engine (Video)

Source of article : Wikipedia

H-index

h-Index and Research Impact - Shiffman - Faculty Timesaver ...
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The h-index is an author-level metric that attempts to measure both the productivity and citation impact of the publications of a scientist or scholar. The index is based on the set of the scientist's most cited papers and the number of citations that they have received in other publications. The index can also be applied to the productivity and impact of a scholarly journal as well as a group of scientists, such as a department or university or country. The index was suggested in 2005 by Jorge E. Hirsch, a physicist at UCSD, as a tool for determining theoretical physicists' relative quality and is sometimes called the Hirsch index or Hirsch number.


Video H-index



Definition and purpose

The definition of the index is that a scholar with an index of h has published h papers each of which has been cited in other papers at least h times. Thus, the h-index reflects both the number of publications and the number of citations per publication. The index is designed to improve upon simpler measures such as the total number of citations or publications. The index works properly only for comparing scientists working in the same field; citation conventions differ widely among different fields.


Maps H-index



Calculation

Formally, if f is the function that corresponds to the number of citations for each publication, we compute the h index as follows. First we order the values of f from the largest to the lowest value. Then, we look for the last position in which f is greater than or equal to the position (we call h this position). For example, if we have a researcher with 5 publications A, B, C, D, and E with 10, 8, 5, 4, and 3 citations, respectively, the h index is equal to 4 because the 4th publication has 4 citations and the 5th has only 3. In contrast, if the same publications have 25, 8, 5, 3, and 3, then the index is 3 because the fourth paper has only 3 citations.

f(A)=10, f(B)=8, f(C)=5, f(D)=4, f(E)=3 -> h-index=4
f(A)=25, f(B)=8, f(C)=5, f(D)=3, f(E)=3 -> h-index=3

If we have the function f ordered in decreasing order from the largest value to the lowest one, we can compute the h index as follows:

h-index (f) = max i min ( f ( i ) , i ) {\displaystyle \max _{i}\min(f(i),i)}

The h index can be seen as the Sugeno integral (a type of fuzzy integral). Then, the most common index of number of citations of an author can be seen as a Choquet integral of the same function f.

The Hirsch index is equivalent to the Eddington number, an earlier metric used for evaluating cyclists. The h-index serves as an alternative to more traditional journal impact factor metrics in the evaluation of the impact of the work of a particular researcher. Because only the most highly cited articles contribute to the h-index, its determination is a simpler process. Hirsch has demonstrated that h has high predictive value for whether a scientist has won honors like National Academy membership or the Nobel Prize. The h-index grows as citations accumulate and thus it depends on the "academic age" of a researcher.


Citations and the h index of soil researchers and journals in the ...
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Input data

The h-index can be manually determined using citation databases or using automatic tools. Subscription-based databases such as Scopus and the Web of Knowledge provide automated calculators. Harzing's Publish or Perish program calculates the h-index based on Google Scholar entries. From July 2011 Google have provided an automatically-calculated h-index and i10-index within their own Google Scholar profile. In addition, specific databases, such as the INSPIRE-HEP database can automatically calculate the h-index for researchers working in high energy physics.

Each database is likely to produce a different h for the same scholar, because of different coverage. A detailed study showed that the Web of Knowledge has strong coverage of journal publications, but poor coverage of high impact conferences. Scopus has better coverage of conferences, but poor coverage of publications prior to 1996; Google Scholar has the best coverage of conferences and most journals (though not all), but like Scopus has limited coverage of pre-1990 publications. The exclusion of conference proceedings papers is a particular problem for scholars in computer science, where conference proceedings are considered an important part of the literature. Google Scholar has been criticized for producing "phantom citations," including gray literature in its citation counts, and failing to follow the rules of Boolean logic when combining search terms. For example, the Meho and Yang study found that Google Scholar identified 53% more citations than Web of Knowledge and Scopus combined, but noted that because most of the additional citations reported by Google Scholar were from low-impact journals or conference proceedings, they did not significantly alter the relative ranking of the individuals. It has been suggested that in order to deal with the sometimes wide variation in h for a single academic measured across the possible citation databases, one should assume false negatives in the databases are more problematic than false positives and take the maximum h measured for an academic.


The Scopus h-index, what's it all about? Part II | Elsevier Scopus ...
src: blog.scopus.com


Results across disciplines and career levels

Hirsch suggested that, for physicists, a value for h of about 12 might be typical for advancement to tenure (associate professor) at major research universities. A value of about 18 could mean a full professorship, 15-20 could mean a fellowship in the American Physical Society, and 45 or higher could mean membership in the United States National Academy of Sciences.

The Impact of the Social Sciences team at London School of Economics found that social scientists in the United Kingdom had relatively low average h-indices. The h-indices for ("full") professors, based on Google Scholar data ranged from 2.8 (in law), through 3.4 (in political science), 3.7 (in sociology), 6.5 (in geography) and 7.6 (in economics). On average across the disciplines, a professor in the social sciences had an h-index about twice that of a lecturer or a senior lecturer, though the difference was the smallest in geography.

Among the 22 scientific disciplines listed in the Thomson Reuters Essential Science Indicators Citation Thresholds, physics has the second most citations after space science. During the period January 1, 2000 - February 28, 2010, a physicist had to receive 2073 citations to be among the most cited 1% of physicists in the world. The threshold for space science is the highest (2236 citations), and physics is followed by clinical medicine (1390) and molecular biology & genetics (1229). Most disciplines, such as environment/ecology (390), have fewer scientists, fewer papers, and fewer citations. Therefore, these disciplines have lower citation thresholds in the Essential Science Indicators, with the lowest citation thresholds observed in social sciences (154), computer science (149), and multidisciplinary sciences (147).

Little systematic investigation has been made on how academic recognition correlates with h-index over different institutions, nations and fields of study. However, Hirsch estimates that after 20 years a "successful scientist" will have an h-index of 20, an "outstanding scientist" an h-index of 40, and a "truly unique" individual an h-index of 60. However, he points out that values of h will vary between different fields.

For the most highly cited scientists in the period 1983-2002, Hirsch identified the top 10 in the life sciences (in order of decreasing h): Solomon H. Snyder, h = 191; David Baltimore, h = 160; Robert C. Gallo, h = 154; Pierre Chambon, h = 153; Bert Vogelstein, h = 151; Salvador Moncada, h = 143; Charles A. Dinarello, h = 138; Tadamitsu Kishimoto, h = 134; Ronald M. Evans, h = 127; and Axel Ullrich, h = 120. Among 36 new inductees in the National Academy of Sciences in biological and biomedical sciences in 2005, the median h-index was 57.


H = mc2: Your H index, what it's worth, and whether it's worth the ...
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Advantages

Hirsch intended the h-index to address the main disadvantages of other bibliometric indicators, such as total number of papers or total number of citations. Total number of papers does not account for the quality of scientific publications, while total number of citations can be disproportionately affected by participation in a single publication of major influence (for instance, methodological papers proposing successful new techniques, methods or approximations, which can generate a large number of citations), or having many publications with few citations each. The h-index is intended to measure simultaneously the quality and quantity of scientific output.


How to calculate your H-index? (astronomy) - YouTube
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Criticism

There are a number of situations in which h may provide misleading information about a scientist's output: Most of these however are not exclusive to the h-index.

  • The h-index does not account for the typical number of citations in different fields. It has been stated that citation behavior in general is affected by field-dependent factors, which may invalidate comparisons not only across disciplines but even within different fields of research of one discipline.
  • The h-index discards the information contained in author placement in the authors' list, which in some scientific fields is significant.
  • The h-index has been found in one study to have slightly less predictive accuracy and precision than the simpler measure of mean citations per paper. However, this finding was contradicted by another study by Hirsch.
  • The h-index is a natural number that reduces its discriminatory power. Ruane and Tol therefore propose a rational h-index that interpolates between h and h + 1.
  • The h-index can be manipulated through self-citations, and if based on Google Scholar output, then even computer-generated documents can be used for that purpose, e.g. using SCIgen.
  • The h-index does not provide a significantly more accurate measure of impact than the total number of citations for a given scholar. In particular, by modeling the distribution of citations among papers as a random integer partition and the h-index as the Durfee square of the partition, Yong arrived at the formula h ? 0.54 N {\displaystyle h\approx 0.54{\sqrt {N}}} , where N is the total number of citations, which, for mathematics members of the National Academy of Sciences, turns out to provide an accurate (with errors typically within 10-20 percent) approximation of h-index in most cases.

How does a scientist's h-index change over time? | Jeff Ollerton's ...
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Alternatives and modifications

Various proposals to modify the h-index in order to emphasize different features have been made. As the variants have proliferated, comparative studies have become possible showing that most proposals are highly correlated with the original h-index, although alternative indexes may be important to decide between comparable CVs, as often the case in evaluation processes.

  • An individual h-index normalized by the number of author has been proposed: h I = h 2 / N a ( T ) {\displaystyle h_{I}=h^{2}/N_{a}^{(T)}} , with N a ( T ) {\displaystyle N_{a}^{(T)}} being the number of authors considered in the h {\displaystyle h} papers. It was found that the distribution of the h-index, although it depends on the field, can be normalized by a simple rescaling factor. For example, assuming as standard the hs for biology, the distribution of h for mathematics collapse with it if this h is multiplied by three, that is, a mathematician with h = 3 is equivalent to a biologist with h = 9. This method has not been readily adopted, perhaps because of its complexity. It might be simpler to divide citation counts by the number of authors before ordering the papers and obtaining the h-index, as originally suggested by Hirsch.
  • The m-index is defined as h/n, where n is the number of years since the first published paper of the scientist; also called m-quotient.
  • There are a number of models proposed to incorporate the relative contribution of each author to a paper, for instance by accounting for the rank in the sequence of authors.
  • A generalization of the h-index and some other indices that gives additional information about the shape of the author's citation function (heavy-tailed, flat/peaked, etc.) has been proposed.
  • A successive Hirsch-type-index for institutions has also been devised. A scientific institution has a successive Hirsch-type-index of i when at least i researchers from that institution have an h-index of at least i.
  • Three additional metrics have been proposed: h2 lower, h2 center, and h2 upper, to give a more accurate representation of the distribution shape. The three h2 metrics measure the relative area within a scientist's citation distribution in the low impact area, h2 lower, the area captured by the h-index, h2 center, and the area from publications with the highest visibility, h2 upper. Scientists with high h2 upper percentages are perfectionists, whereas scientists with high h2 lower percentages are mass producers. As these metrics are percentages, they are intended to give a qualitative description to supplement the quantitative h-index.
  • The g-index can be seen as the h-index for an averaged citations count.
  • It has been argued that "For an individual researcher, a measure such as Erd?s number captures the structural properties of network whereas the h-index captures the citation impact of the publications. One can be easily convinced that ranking in coauthorship networks should take into account both measures to generate a realistic and acceptable ranking." Several author ranking systems such as eigenfactor (based on eigenvector centrality) have been proposed already, for instance the Phys Author Rank Algorithm.
  • The c-index accounts not only for the citations but for the quality of the citations in terms of the collaboration distance between citing and cited authors. A scientist has c-index n if n of [his/her] N citations are from authors which are at collaboration distance at least n, and the other (N - n) citations are from authors which are at collaboration distance at most n.
  • An s-index, accounting for the non-entropic distribution of citations, has been proposed and it has been shown to be in a very good correlation with h.
  • The e-index, the square root of surplus citations for the h-set beyond h2, complements the h-index for ignored citations, and therefore is especially useful for highly cited scientists and for comparing those with the same h-index (iso-h-index group).
  • Because the h-index was never meant to measure future publication success, recently, a group of researchers has investigated the features that are most predictive of future h-index. It is possible to try the predictions using an online tool. However, later work has shown that since h-index is a cumulative measure, it contains intrinsic auto-correlation that led to significant overestimation of its predictability. Thus, the true predictability of future h-index is much lower compared to what has been claimed before.
  • The h-index has been applied to Internet Media, such as YouTube channels. The h-index is defined as the number of videos with >= h × 105 views. When compared with a video creator's total view count, the h-index and g-index better capture both productivity and impact in a single metric.
  • The i10-index indicates the number of academic publications an author has written that have at least ten citations from others. It was introduced in July 2011 by Google as part of their work on Google Scholar.
  • The h-index has been shown to have a strong discipline bias. However, a simple normalization h / ? h ? d {\displaystyle h/\langle h\rangle _{d}} by the average h of scholars in a discipline d is an effective way to mitigate this bias, obtaining a universal impact metric that allows to compare scholars across different disciplines. Of course this method does not deal with academic age bias.
  • The h-index can be timed to analyze its evolution during one's career, employing different time windows.
  • The o-index corresponds to the geometric mean of the h-index and the most cited paper of a researcher.

ما هو H-index و كيف أرفع قيمته و جودة بحوثي العلمية     - YouTube
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See also

  • Bibliometrics
  • Comparison of research networking tools and research profiling systems

Understanding the h-index on Vimeo
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References


كيفية انشاء حساب على الكوكل سكولر واضافة ملفات Google scholar ...
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Further reading

  • Alonso, S.; Cabrerizo, F. J.; Herrera-Viedma, E.; Herrera, F. (2009). "h-index: A Review Focused in its Variants, Computation and Standardization for Different Scientific Fields". Journal of Informetrics. 3 (4): 273-89. doi:10.1016/j.joi.2009.04.001. 
  • Ball, Philip (2005). "Index aims for fair ranking of scientists". Nature. 436 (7053): 900. Bibcode:2005Natur.436..900B. doi:10.1038/436900a. PMID 16107806. 
  • Iglesias, Juan E.; Pecharromán, Carlos. "Scaling the h-index for different scientific ISI fields" (PDF). 
  • Kelly, C. D.; Jennions, M. D. (2006). "The h index and career assessment by numbers". Trends Ecol. Evol. 21 (4): 167-70. doi:10.1016/j.tree.2006.01.005. PMID 16701079. 
  • Lehmann, S.; Jackson, A. D.; Lautrup, B. E. (2006). "Measures for measures". Nature. 444 (7122): 1003-04. Bibcode:2006Natur.444.1003L. doi:10.1038/4441003a. PMID 17183295. 
  • Panaretos, J.; Malesios, C. (2009). "Assessing Scientific Research Performance and Impact with Single Indices". Scientometrics. 81 (3): 635-70. doi:10.1007/s11192-008-2174-9. 
  • Petersen, A. M.; Stanley, H. Eugene; Succi, Sauro (2011). "Statistical Regularities in the Rank-Citation Profile of Scientists". Nature Scientific Reports. 181: 1-7. arXiv:1103.2719 . Bibcode:2011NatSR...1E.181P. doi:10.1038/srep00181. 
  • Sidiropoulos, Antonis; Katsaros, Dimitrios; Manolopoulos, Yannis (2007). "Generalized Hirsch h-index for disclosing latent facts in citation networks". Scientometrics. 72 (2): 253-80. doi:10.1007/s11192-007-1722-z. 
  • Soler, José M. (2007). "A rational indicator of scientific creativity". Journal of Informetrics. 1 (2): 123-30. doi:10.1016/j.joi.2006.10.004. 
  • Symonds, M. R.; et al. (2006). Tregenza, Tom, ed. "Gender differences in publication output: towards an unbiased metric of research performance". PLoS ONE. 1 (1): e127. Bibcode:2006PLoSO...1..127S. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0000127. PMC 1762413 . PMID 17205131. 
  • Taber, Douglass F. (2005). "Quantifying Publication Impact". Science. 309 (5744): 2166a. doi:10.1126/science.309.5744.2166a. PMID 16195445. 
  • Woeginger, Gerhard j. (2008). "An axiomatic characterization of the Hirsch-index". Mathematical Social Sciences. 56 (2): 224-32. doi:10.1016/j.mathsocsci.2008.03.001. 

Explainer: what is an H-index and how is it calculated?
src: images.theconversation.com


External links

  • Google Scholar Metrics
  • H-index for economists
  • H-index for computer science researchers
  • H-index for astronomers

Source of article : Wikipedia

Honda CBR series

HONDA CBR SERIES - Review and photos
src: www.roadsmile.com

The Honda CBR models are a series of Honda sport bikes. With the exception of the single-cylinder CBR125R, CBR150R, CBR250R and CBR300R, all CBR motorbikes have inline engines. Less sporting/general models make up the CB series.


Video Honda CBR series



Types

The series includes:

Single-cylinder

  • CBR125R (2004-present)
  • CBR150R (2002-present)
  • CBR250R (2011-2013; 2011-present Japan / Malaysia)
  • CBR300R (2015-present)

Inline-twin

  • CBR250RR (2017-present)
  • CBR400R (2013-present)
  • CBR500R (2012-present)

Inline-four

  • CBR250/250R/250RR (1986-1996)
  • CBR400F/400R/400RR (1983-1994)
  • CBR500F (1986-1993)
  • CBR600F Hurricane/600F2/600F3/600F4/600F4i (1987-2006; new CBR600F: 2011-2013)
  • CBR600RR (2003-present)
  • CBR650F (2014-present)
  • CBR750F Hurricane, known in Japan as Super Aero (1987-1988)
  • CBR900RR Fireblade (893 cc: 1992-1995; 919 cc: 1996-1999)
  • CBR929RR Fireblade (2000-2001)
  • CBR954RR Fireblade (2002-2003)
  • CBR1000RR Fireblade (2004-present)
  • CBR1000F Hurricane (1987-1999/1996 last year in USA)
  • CBR1100XX Super Blackbird (1996-2007)

Source of article : Wikipedia

Saturday, December 30, 2017

Crossover (automobile)

Top 10 Crossover SUVs in the 2013 Vehicle Dependability Study ...
src: d1arsn5g9mfrlq.cloudfront.net

A crossover or crossover utility vehicle (CUV) is a vehicle built on a unibody car platform combining in highly variable degrees features of a sport utility vehicle (SUV) with those of a passenger vehicle, especially a station wagon or hatchback.


Video Crossover (automobile)



Design

Crossover vehicles are described by "automaker marketing departments", but are "generally a tall, four-door hatchback, which may have all-wheel drive along with extra ground clearance resembling an SUV".

A characteristic of vehicles marketed as crossovers is their unibody construction that is typical of passenger vehicles instead of the body-on-frame design of light trucks and the original SUVs. The United States Environmental Protection Agency fuel economy categories do not use the term crossover, but "divide SUVs into small and large categories, regardless of whether the vehicle is car- or truck-based."

A crossover may borrow features from a station wagon or hatchback, such as the two-box design of a shared passenger and cargo volume with rear access via a third or fifth door, a liftgate - and flexibility to allow configurations that favor either passenger or cargo volume, e.g., fold-down rear seats. Their basic design and flexible interior configurations make them like traditional station wagons, a "category that has stood the test of time."

Crossovers are typically designed for only light off-road capability, if any at all, and are offered with front wheel drive or four-wheel drive that may be optional.


Maps Crossover (automobile)



Origin

The term "crossover" emerged as a marketing tool. A 2008 CNNMoney article indicated that many consumers cannot tell the difference between an SUV and a crossover. A January 2008 Wall Street Journal blog article called crossovers "wagons that look like sport utility vehicles, but ride like cars."

Among the earliest ancestors of what evolved into the modern crossover was the 1948 Willys-Overland Jeepster convertible coupe, which combined car-like features with Willys' proven off-road capabilities. In 1955, the Russian GAZ-M20 Pobeda was modified into the M-72 version to become the first unibody all-wheel drive car. A concept car using a Jeep Wagoneer (SJ) drivetrain was designed in Greece as a luxury limousine and four vehicles were made by Neorion. The Russian off-road Vaz 2121 Niva was introduced in 1976 featuring a unibody body and some mechanical components from the VAZ-2101 compact sedan, the Fiat 124-based Lada, and it saw success as a vehicle "best described as agricultural." Another contender before the crossover description became common was the 1977 Matra Rancho.

A more direct modern crossover antecedent is the AMC Eagle, a passenger road vehicle introduced in 1979 that "pioneered the crossover SUV" category before either had a name. American Motors' took a conventional unibody car and engineered a fully automatic four-wheel-drive system that gave it a raised ride-height, thus "begat today's modern crossovers." It was "the first production four-wheel-drive passenger car." The AMC Eagle "foreshadowed current crossover SUVs and AWD cars." Featuring "passenger-car comfort, plus 4wd security for all-weather security" the Eagle sedans and station wagons were a contrast to the fuel-thirsty vehicles built for rugged off-road that were marketed in the US at the time. AMC had "predicted that consumers would embrace a vehicle with the comfort of an automobile, but the ride height and foul-weather capabilities of a four-wheel-drive utility vehicle." As a precursor to today's crossover models, AMC's "vehicles worked well and sold well" and the "surviving Eagles look like the 'early man' version of a CUV, sort of a missing link of the car world." The AMC Eagle can claim "pioneering an entire segment of the automotive landscape."

Although "a lot of automakers lay claim to developing the very first crossover, but the AMC Eagle really was the very first crossover." A staff writer at The Atlantic wrote that Toyota debuted the first crossover in 1996 with the RAV 4 because "it was built on a car body." The current use of the term for this market segment spans a wide range of vehicles. In some cases, manufacturers have marketed vehicles as crossovers simply to avoid calling them station wagons, or have produced crossovers mainly because station wagons have fallen out of favor with buyers in a particular region such as the United States.

While crossover vehicles released in the early-2000s resembled traditional SUVs or wagons, others have prioritized sportiness over utility - such as the Infiniti FX and BMW X6.

By 2006, the segment came into strong visibility in the U.S., when crossover sales "made up more than 50% of the overall SUV market." Sales increased in 2007 by 16%. For Audi, the Audi Q5 has become their second best-selling vehicle in the United States market after the Audi A4 sedan. Around half of Lexus' sales volume come from its SUVs since the late 1990s, the big majority of which is the Lexus RX crossover.

In the U.S., domestic manufacturers were slow to switch from their emphasis on light truck-based SUVs, and foreign automakers developed crossovers targeting the U.S. market, as an alternative to station wagons that are unpopular there. But by the 2010 model year, domestic automakers had quickly caught up. The segment has strong appeal to aging baby boomers.


4008 PEUGEOT SUV 4X4 CROSSOVER CAR AUTO VOITURE SALON AUTOMOBILE ...
src: i.ytimg.com


Examples

The term crossover and SUV are sometimes interchangeable, sometimes used in combination, depending on the marketing or public perception of a particular vehicle. The broad spectrum of crossovers includes, among many others that are marketed in various markets:

  • Mini crossovers: e.g., Chevrolet Trax/Opel Mokka/Buick Encore, Citroën C4 Cactus, Mitsubishi Outlander Sport, Fiat Palio Adventure, Ford EcoSport, Honda HR-V, Hyundai Creta, Mini Countryman, Nissan Juke, Peugeot 2008, and Renault Captur.
  • Compact crossovers: e.g., BMW X1, Mitsubishi Outlander, Dacia Duster, Ford Kuga, Jeep Compass, Mahindra XUV500, Nissan X-Trail, Peugeot 3008, and SsangYong Korando.
  • Mid-sized crossovers: e.g., Acura ZDX, Chevy Equinox/GMC Terrain, Mercedes-Benz M-Class, Ford Edge, and Volkswagen Touareg.
  • Full-sized crossovers: e.g., Buick Enclave, Chevrolet Traverse, Ford Flex, Ford Explorer, Lincoln MKT, and Mazda CX-9.

The European MPV or large MPV may broadly resemble the crossover, including vehicles such as the Mercedes-Benz R-Class, and Ford S-Max. During the development of the Dodge Journey (Fiat Freemont), Dodge benchmarked several European vehicles.

Current crossovers with their platform genealogy (similar vehicles are grouped together):


2018 Mitsubishi GT PHEV Interior Exterior Driving | Perfect ...
src: i.ytimg.com


See also


INFINITI QX30 | Key Features & Price | INFINITI USA
src: www.infinitiusa.com


References

Source of article : Wikipedia

Honda Accord (North America seventh generation)

File:Honda Accord (seventh generation, first facelift 2) (front ...
src: upload.wikimedia.org

In the U.S., the seventh generation North American Honda Accord is a mid-size car that was available from 2002 to 2007 in both coupe and sedan styles. The sedan was also marketed as the Honda Accord in parts of Latin America, Asia, Middle East, Caribbean, Australia and New Zealand markets, also being related to the Honda Inspire available in Japan from 2003. The North American Honda Accord, with modifications for local market needs, was the launch vehicle of Honda in the Korean market with sales beginning from May 20, 2004.

Production started in Honda's Marysville Auto Plant. In early 2005, Honda's East Liberty Auto Plant started building the Honda Accord Sedan on the same assembly line that produces Civic and Element to increase Honda's flexibility in meeting increased market demand of Acura TL that was also assembled in the Marysville Plant.


Video Honda Accord (North America seventh generation)



2003-2005

The first 2003 Honda Accord rolled off the Marysville, Ohio assembly line on September 26, 2002. A larger car than its predecessor, the North American Accord was given a new level of refinement with chrome interior accents and higher grade materials. The lineup still included all the same trim levels as the previous generation, the DX, LX, EX, LX-V6 and EX-V6.

Mechanically, the 4-cylinder engine was the all new K-series. For the first time the 4-cylinder Accord gained a direct ignition (distributorless) coil-on-plug ignition system, which had previously been introduced on the V6. The direct ignition system provides a slight horsepower and fuel economy gain, as well as improved long-term reliability, relative to the traditional system with a distributor and spark plug wires. In addition, Honda provided a new recommendation for engine oil viscosity, 5W-20 instead of the previous 5W-30 viscosity. Because of the lower viscosity, engine parts move with less friction, which increases fuel economy. Together with other improvements, this change effected an increase from the previous generation's (with VTEC 4-cylinder F23A1 engine and the manual transmission) 22mpg city/29 hwy rating, to 23mpg city/31 hwy, according to 2008 EPA ratings. The 4-cylinder engine could be mated to a 5-speed manual transmission or to a 5-speed automatic transmission with overdrive (also new for 2003). A specific 4-cylinder model was the first production car in the world to meet California's Super Ultra Low Emissions standards.

The 6-cylinder models had the same J-series V6 as the sixth generation's, but revisions to the intake and exhaust systems contributed to a 40 hp increase, bringing the total power to 240 hp. The revised exhaust manifold actually became part of the cylinder head casting itself. Six-cylinder Accords generally had a version of the new 5-speed automatic transmission with overdrive, except for the coupe described below, which could be purchased with a 6-speed manual transmission. With the V6 engine and automatic transmission, the Accord achieved a 21mpg city/30 hwy fuel economy rating.

The 2003 model year also debuted Honda's GPS assisted Navigation system as an option for the Accord. Prior to 2003, it was only available on the higher end Acura line and the Honda Odyssey. In 2004 Honda also first offered XM Satellite Radio as a factory installed option.

For 2005, the Accord received several updates, including standard side curtain and front seat side impact airbags for a total of six airbags, revised (all red) taillights for the sedan (coupe taillights remained unchanged), more chrome on the grille, and new wheel designs for LX, LX-V6 and EX-V6 models. A new Accord Hybrid was introduced for the first time, with stylish new wheels, an EPA gas mileage of 29 City/37 HWY, and the same 3.0 liter motor as the regular V6 Accord models, but with increased horsepower. The hybrid version of the V6 produced 255 hp, an increase of 15 hp, making the hybrid quicker than the regular Accord V6 sedan, but still not as quick as the Accord Coupe V6 with 6 speed manual.

Coupe

For the first time, Honda offered an "enthusiast" version of the Accord in the US, adding a sports suspension and mating the 6-speed manual transmission from the Acura CL to a 3.2L V-6 engine. The Honda Accord Coupe was unveiled as a performance concept at the 2002 SEMA show. Powertrain and chassis modifications included a high-flow intake and exhaust, 295 bhp (220 kW) 3.2L V-6 engine, limited slip differential, semi-manual 6-speed transmission, prototype 8-piston Brembo brakes, and a lowered racing suspension and widened track. Exterior modifications included a carbon fiber body kit (including the bumpers, side sills, grill and underbody diffuser), dual aluminum integrated exhaust ports, aluminum/carbon fiber rear wing, black chrome finish headlights and taillights, 20-inch black chrome wheels, Bridgestone Potenza S03 235/45 ZR20 tires, and fender flares and NSX Spa Yellow paint. Interior modifications included an F1-style paddle shifter on the steering wheel, prototype multifunction meter display with on-board diagnostics, Sparco carbon/Kevlar backed bucket seats covered in Alcantera suede, 4-point front seat harnesses, three-spoke racing steering wheel, and aluminum sport pedals.

The Factory Performance Package was a dealer option based on the SEMA concept car, available for 2003 Accord V-6 Coupe LX and EX with either manual or automatic transmissions. Chassis/exterior changes included Factory Performance suspension (shock absorbers, springs), underbody aero kit, 17-inch alloy wheels, 215/50VR-17 high-performance tires, and a rear wing spoiler. Interior accessories included a factory performance shift knob and trim.


Maps Honda Accord (North America seventh generation)



2006-2007

In 2005, for the 2006 model year, which was its 30th anniversary, the North American Accord received a mid-generational refresh, though it was fairly significant and some enthusiasts called this generation 7.5.

The exterior was revised with a new front grille later seen on the eighth-generation Honda Civic which also debuted that year, new rear end styling with triangular LED taillights, daytime running lights (DRLs) and heated side mirrors for US EX models. Heated mirrors and DRLs were previously available only on Accords sold in Canada. The 2006 model year also featured new wheel designs, with 17" wheels being standard on V6 models. Vehicle Stability Assist (VSA), traction control, and Brake assist became available on the V6 models for the first time. Previously, the system was named TCS and included the traction control and brake assist, but not stability control.

The interior was also slightly redesigned with changes such as a new steering wheel cover, differently colored gauges and a differently styled shift knob for automatic transmission models. The GPS Navigation system was updated (4th generation) with a faster processor, more memory, and several new features, such as restaurant information from Zagat. A revised maintenance minder system was also added which gave owners reminders for scheduled maintenance such as oil changes based on operating conditions.

Powertrain improvements were made across the Accord line-up in 2006. The V6 engine's power was increased to 244 bhp (182 kW) (+4 hp, SAE net revised 8/04*) and the 4-cylinder engine's power was increased to 166 bhp (124 kW) (+6 hp, SAE net revised 8/04*). Power gains were achieved with extensive improvements to the airflow of the intake and exhaust systems. Due to these improvements the V6 engine was renamed the J30A5 from the previous J30A4, and the 4-cylinder from the K24A4 to the K24A8. For the Brazilian market, the 2.4L engine was dropped in favour of a smaller 2.0L 4-cylinder i-VTEC K20A engine generating 148 bhp (110 kW). This was done to make the car more competitive against the newly released Ford Fusion. The 2006 model year was also the first year in which the V6 sedan was offered with a 6-speed manual transmission from the coupe as an option. The 4-cylinder Accords were now controlled with Drive-By-Wire (DBW), rather than a throttle cable, providing for smooth operation and enhanced throttle response; V6 Accords already used DBW prior to the 2006 model year.

The 2006 Accord Hybrid got the same revisions as the other Accords, although its engine and battery power was identically powerful to the 2005, the 2006 rating system re-rated it at 253 bhp (189 kW), and a larger battery pack was added. Features that differentiate the Hybrid from other Accords are the different rear light clusters, the antenna, the wheels, the mirror turn signals and the lack of a folding rear seat. The 2005 Hybrids also had a different storage door from other Accords, which disappeared on the 2006 version. Lastly, a sunroof was not available on the 2005 but was standard on the 2006.

The trim levels were also revised, with the basic Accord DX being succeeded by the VP (Value Package) trim which added air conditioning, keyless entry, power locks, and cruise control as standard features compared to the 2005 DX. In Canada, sedans came as DX-G, SE, EX-L, SE-V6, EX-L V6, EX-L V6 6MT, and the Hybrid, while coupe trims included the SE, EX-L, EX-L V6, and EX-L V6 6MT.

For its 2007 model year, a new SE-V6 trim was introduced. The color "Cool Blue Metallic", previously only for the coupe, became available for the sedan. Despite being in its last year of the generation, the 2007 Accord was still ranked highly by reviewers, scoring slightly below the redesigned Toyota Camry in the Edmunds family sedan comparison.


2005 Honda Accord Coupe V6 With North America Seventh Generation ...
src: deploywith.us


Hybrid

Honda offered the Accord Hybrid in the United States in the 2005 through 2007 model years. Produced exclusively in Sayama, Saitama, Japan, the Accord Hybrid was the company's third hybrid model when the 2005 model was introduced in late 2004, following the Insight and Civic Hybrid. The Accord Hybrid was priced US$3,000 higher than the "EX V6" model Accord, and retained substantially the same trim and feature levels (although the 2005 model did not include a power moonroof). Honda positioned the Accord Hybrid at the top of its non-Acura lineup in North America.

While this new vehicle shared the same displacement as the regular Accord V6 powerplant, the engine in the hybrid was derived from the 2005 Honda Odyssey minivan and has the ability to shut off three of the six cylinders under certain conditions for better fuel economy (a technology that Honda calls VCM or Variable Cylinder Management). The new engine features iVTEC technology and drives a new compact five-speed semi-automatic transmission, developed to allow the inclusion of the electric motor sandwiched between the transversely mounted engine. Power of the gas engine is up from 240 to 255 horsepower (179 to 190 kW) and torque rose from 212 to 232 pound-feet (287 to 315 N?m). The vehicle reaches 60 miles per hour (97 km/h) in 6.5 seconds. Together with the Integrated Motor Assist electric motor, the hybrid version provided slightly higher performance than the conventional V6-engined Accord. However, the marketplace did not embrace the Accord Hybrid, and the vehicle was discontinued after the 2007 model year.

Fuel economy was originally estimated at 30 mpg-US (7.8 L/100 km) city and 37 mpg-US (6.4 L/100 km) highway for the 2005 model year, but was later changed to 28 mpg-US (8.4 L/100 km) city, 35 mpg-US (6.7 L/100 km) highway, after Honda's addition of standard moonroof and spare tire during the 2006 model year. This change bumped the car to a higher weight class for United States Environmental Protection Agency mileage testing. The 2006 model has also been rated an AT-PZEV vehicle. AT-PZEV (Advanced Technology-Partial Zero Emissions Vehicle) is an emissions standard created by the California Air Resources Board. 2005 model year Accord Hybrids were rated LEVII-ULEV by the California Air Resources board and Tier2, Bin5 by the EPA.

For 2006, the Accord Hybrid came standard with Vehicle Stability Assist (VSA), and like the conventional Accord, received a minor exterior facelift. Accord Hybrids from model year 2006 and up can be identified by the amber rear turn signals whereas their fully gasoline counterparts have red rear turn signals.

Honda announced the Accord Hybrid would return to market for the 2014 model year after skipping a generation, with a new dual-motor system and a plug-in option.


Interesting Info About 2004 Honda Accord Coupe With Cool Gallery ...
src: www.malloryblog.us


Mechanical

Body styles

Engines

Changes to power rating in 2006 and later model year vehicles was caused by the use of Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) J1349 (Rev 8/04) net calculations that went into effect in January 2005.

Partial Zero Emissions Vehicle versions only came in four-cylinder sedans equipped with automatic transmission. Beginning in 2004 model year, PZEV models sales began in US states of New York, Maine, Vermont and Massachusetts.

Transmissions


2006 Honda Accord Se Specs With North America Seventh Generation ...
src: deploywith.us


Recall

On October 1, 2012, Honda announced a recall of 573,147 Accords in the US and 30,058 in Canada equipped with V6 engines from model years 2003 through 2007. The addition of the Accords to already recalled Acura TL cars from model years 2007 and 2008 raises the number of affected vehicles in the United States and Canada to 660,086.

Recall 11v-395 was initiated on August 4, 2011 for Accords and other Hondas with automatic transmissions. The recall was estimated to cover 1,512,107 vehicles.

Recall 14v-351 was initiated on June 19, 2014 for many Hondas involved in the Takata airbag recall.


Interesting Info About 2004 Honda Accord Coupe With Cool Gallery ...
src: www.malloryblog.us


References

  • "Honda Accord Reviews & News". JB car pages. 

Honda Accord (North America seventh generation) - Wikipedia
src: upload.wikimedia.org


External links

  • Honda Accord History

Source of article : Wikipedia